What is a relapse in multiple sclerosis (MS)?
A relapse in MS is a period when new symptoms appear, lasting at least 24 hours, due to an inflammatory attack on the nervous system (brain, spinal cord, or optic nerve). These episodes occur when the immune system damages the myelin sheath, further disrupting the communication between the brain and body. "While relapses can be challenging, early intervention and a proactive care plan can make a significant difference," says Diana N. Andino, MD, Neurology at ARC Four Points in Austin.
Relapses can vary in severity and may affect movement, vision, or cognition. They are a hallmark of relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS), the most common form of the disease. Learn more about RRMS.
What is a pseudo-relapse?
Sometimes, what seems like a relapse might be a pseudo-relapse. This happens when a temporary onset of worsening neurologic symptoms shows up because of another issue, like a urinary tract infection. Once the underlying cause is treated, the symptoms usually go away. Fatigue, fever, infections, overheating or overexertion, physical and mental stress, and depression can all lead to a pseudo-relapse.
If you have new or worsening symptoms that last more than 24 hours, it's important to contact your neurologist so they can figure out what's causing the symptoms and if you need any treatment.
Can I reduce my risk of having a relapse?
While relapses cannot be completely avoided, there are strategies to lower the risk and manage the impact. Here are some tips:
- Healthy lifestyle: Adopting a healthy lifestyle can help prevent relapses and support overall health. Regular exercise, a balanced diet, and adequate sleep strengthen the body and reduce inflammation. Avoiding triggers like smoking and excessive stress also helps maintain stability.
- Disease-modifying therapies (DMTs): DMTs are medications prescribed by your doctor or neurologist to slow the progression of MS and reduce the frequency of relapses. These treatments target the immune system to limit the damage caused by inflammatory attacks.
- Managing stress: Chronic stress can trigger relapses by increasing inflammation in the body. Techniques like mindfulness, meditation, and breathing exercises can help you manage stress effectively.
- Decide on a care plan with your MS specialist: Working closely with your MS specialist or neurologist is essential for creating a personalized care plan. Regular check-ups and open communication help ensure that your treatment aligns with your needs and minimizes the risk of relapses.
"Taking proactive steps and working with a healthcare team can help manage MS relapses effectively and improve your quality of life," says Dr. Andino. "Early intervention and a focus on prevention are key to living well with this disease."
What is the treatment for an acute relapse?
An immediate assessment with an MRI can help identify new inflammation or lesions. If an acute attack is noted, steroids may be considered to help prevent further damage and improve current symptoms.
Learn more about infusion therapy at ARC.
About multiple sclerosis (MS)
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disease that affects the nervous system, including the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. In MS, the immune system mistakenly attacks the myelin sheath, which protects nerve cells and helps them communicate effectively and causes neuronal degeneration. This damage leads to biological changes in the body, causing symptoms like fatigue, muscle weakness, and difficulty with coordination. MS is most commonly diagnosed between the ages of 20 and 40, but it can occur at any age. Consulting a neurologist or MS specialist is crucial for managing the disease and slowing its progression. Learn more about MS.
About Dr. Andino
Dr. Andino has a Fellowship in Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology, from Mulva Clinic for the Neurosciences, UT Health in Austin. She has been recognized by the National Multiple Sclerosis Society as a Partner in MS Care for her dedication to providing optimal care and support to people living with MS. Dr. Andino speaks Spanish and is currently accepting new patients, ages 18 and older, at ARC Four Points in Austin. Learn more about multiple sclerosis treatment with Dr. Andino.
Make an appointment today with or without a referral
New and established patients can make an appointment with Dr. Andino by calling ARC Four Points in Austin at 737-247-7200. Your ARC primary care physician can also give you a referral to Dr. Andino.
Don't miss this!
Dr. Andino is leading the ARC team for the Austin Walk MS 2025 on Saturday, April 12. Join or donate today!